As we all know traditional relational databases are implementing the ACID principles: atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability. Then there came Brewer’s CAP (consistency, availability and partition tolerance) conjecture that was leading the road towards BASE systems (basically available, soft state, eventually consistent).
Here are a couple of great resources about BASE:
Thanks Debasish Ghosh ☞ for the links. You should also check the NoSQL, Relational and Storage in General entry.